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21 changes: 21 additions & 0 deletions LICENSE
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MIT License

Copyright (c) 2026 Prerender

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
111 changes: 111 additions & 0 deletions README.md
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# prerender-java

Jakarta Servlet Filter for [Prerender.io](https://prerender.io). Intercepts requests from bots and crawlers and serves prerendered HTML, so your JavaScript-rendered app is fully indexable by search engines and social media scrapers.

Compatible with any **Jakarta EE** application server — Tomcat 10+, Jetty 11+, Spring Boot 3+, Quarkus, Micronaut.

Requires **Java 17+**.

## Installation

### Maven

```xml
<dependency>
<groupId>io.prerender</groupId>
<artifactId>prerender-java</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
</dependency>
```

### Gradle

```groovy
implementation 'io.prerender:prerender-java:1.0.0'
```

## Setup

### Option 1: Environment variables (recommended)

```bash
export PRERENDER_TOKEN=your-token
```

Register the filter in `web.xml`:

```xml
<filter>
<filter-name>PrerenderFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>io.prerender.PrerenderFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>PrerenderFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
```

### Option 2: web.xml init-params

```xml
<filter>
<filter-name>PrerenderFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>io.prerender.PrerenderFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>prerenderToken</param-name>
<param-value>your-token</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>PrerenderFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
```

### Spring Boot

```java
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean<PrerenderFilter> prerenderFilter() {
FilterRegistrationBean<PrerenderFilter> registration = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
registration.setFilter(new PrerenderFilter());
registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
registration.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE);
return registration;
}
```

Set `PRERENDER_TOKEN` as an environment variable before starting the app.

## Settings

| Setting | Init-param | Env var | Default |
|---------|------------|---------|---------|
| Token | `prerenderToken` | `PRERENDER_TOKEN` | none |
| Service URL | `prerenderServiceUrl` | `PRERENDER_SERVICE_URL` | `https://service.prerender.io/` |

Init-params take precedence over environment variables.

## Self-hosted Prerender

```bash
export PRERENDER_SERVICE_URL=http://your-prerender-server:3000
```

## How it works

Requests are prerendered when **all** of the following are true:

- The HTTP method is `GET`
- The `User-Agent` matches a known bot/crawler (Googlebot, Bingbot, Twitterbot, GPTBot, ClaudeBot, etc.)
— OR the URL contains `_escaped_fragment_`
— OR the `X-Bufferbot` header is present
- The URL does not end with a static asset extension (`.js`, `.css`, `.png`, etc.)

Everything else passes through to your normal servlet chain.

If the Prerender service is unreachable, the filter falls back gracefully and serves the normal response.

## License

MIT
78 changes: 78 additions & 0 deletions pom.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>io.prerender</groupId>
<artifactId>prerender-java</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>

<name>prerender-java</name>
<description>Jakarta Servlet Filter for prerendering JavaScript-rendered pages via Prerender.io</description>
<url>https://github.com/prerender/integrations</url>

<licenses>
<license>
<name>MIT License</name>
<url>https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT</url>
</license>
</licenses>

<scm>
<connection>scm:git:git@github.com:prerender/integrations.git</connection>
<developerConnection>scm:git:git@github.com:prerender/integrations.git</developerConnection>
<url>https://github.com/prerender/integrations</url>
</scm>

<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>jakarta.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jakarta.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>6.0.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>5.10.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>5.11.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>5.11.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.wiremock</groupId>
<artifactId>wiremock</artifactId>
<version>3.5.4</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.5</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
59 changes: 59 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/io/prerender/PrerenderConfig.java
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package io.prerender;

import java.util.List;

class PrerenderConfig {

static final List<String> CRAWLER_USER_AGENTS = List.of(
"googlebot", "yahoo", "bingbot", "baiduspider",
"facebookexternalhit", "twitterbot", "rogerbot", "linkedinbot",
"embedly", "quora link preview", "showyoubot", "outbrain",
"pinterest", "slackbot", "w3c_validator", "perplexity",
"oai-searchbot", "chatgpt-user", "gptbot", "claudebot", "amazonbot"
);

static final List<String> EXTENSIONS_TO_IGNORE = List.of(
".js", ".css", ".xml", ".less", ".png", ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".gif",
".pdf", ".doc", ".txt", ".ico", ".rss", ".zip", ".mp3", ".rar",
".exe", ".wmv", ".avi", ".ppt", ".mpg", ".mpeg", ".tif", ".wav",
".mov", ".psd", ".ai", ".xls", ".mp4", ".m4a", ".swf", ".dat",
".dmg", ".iso", ".flv", ".m4v", ".torrent", ".ttf", ".woff", ".svg"
);

private static final String DEFAULT_SERVICE_URL = "https://service.prerender.io/";

private final String token;
private final String serviceUrl;

PrerenderConfig(String token, String serviceUrl) {
this.token = token;
this.serviceUrl = (serviceUrl != null && !serviceUrl.isBlank())
? serviceUrl
: DEFAULT_SERVICE_URL;
}

static PrerenderConfig fromInitParams(String initToken, String initServiceUrl) {
return new PrerenderConfig(
resolve(initToken, "PRERENDER_TOKEN"),
resolve(initServiceUrl, "PRERENDER_SERVICE_URL")
);
}

private static String resolve(String initParam, String envVar) {
return (initParam != null && !initParam.isBlank()) ? initParam : System.getenv(envVar);
}

String getToken() { return token; }

String getServiceUrl() { return serviceUrl; }

static boolean isBot(String userAgent) {
String ua = userAgent.toLowerCase();
return CRAWLER_USER_AGENTS.stream().anyMatch(ua::contains);
}

static boolean isStaticAsset(String path) {
String lower = path.toLowerCase();
return EXTENSIONS_TO_IGNORE.stream().anyMatch(lower::endsWith);
}
}
105 changes: 105 additions & 0 deletions src/main/java/io/prerender/PrerenderFilter.java
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package io.prerender;

import jakarta.servlet.Filter;
import jakarta.servlet.FilterChain;
import jakarta.servlet.FilterConfig;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpRequest;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class PrerenderFilter implements Filter {

private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(PrerenderFilter.class.getName());

private HttpClient httpClient;
private PrerenderConfig config;

public PrerenderFilter() {}

PrerenderFilter(HttpClient httpClient, PrerenderConfig config) {
this.httpClient = httpClient;
this.config = config;
}

@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {
this.httpClient = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
this.config = PrerenderConfig.fromInitParams(
filterConfig.getInitParameter("prerenderToken"),
filterConfig.getInitParameter("prerenderServiceUrl")
);
}

@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest httpReq = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse httpRes = (HttpServletResponse) response;

if (!shouldPrerender(httpReq)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}

try {
sendPrerendered(httpReq, httpRes);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
logger.log(Level.WARNING, "Prerender service unreachable, falling back", e);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}

@Override
public void destroy() {}

private boolean shouldPrerender(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (!"GET".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getMethod())) return false;
if (PrerenderConfig.isStaticAsset(request.getRequestURI())) return false;
if (request.getParameter("_escaped_fragment_") != null) return true;
if (request.getHeader("X-Bufferbot") != null) return true;
String ua = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
return ua != null && !ua.isBlank() && PrerenderConfig.isBot(ua);
}

private void sendPrerendered(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, InterruptedException {
HttpResponse<String> prerenderResponse = httpClient.send(
buildPrerenderRequest(buildApiUrl(request), request.getHeader("User-Agent")),
HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString()
);
response.setStatus(prerenderResponse.statusCode());
response.getWriter().write(prerenderResponse.body());
}

private String buildApiUrl(HttpServletRequest request) {
String serviceUrl = config.getServiceUrl();
if (!serviceUrl.endsWith("/")) serviceUrl += "/";
String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
String qs = request.getQueryString();
return serviceUrl + (qs != null && !qs.isBlank() ? url + "?" + qs : url);
}

private HttpRequest buildPrerenderRequest(String apiUrl, String userAgent) {
HttpRequest.Builder builder = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(apiUrl))
.header("User-Agent", userAgent != null ? userAgent : "")
.GET();
if (config.getToken() != null && !config.getToken().isBlank()) {
builder.header("X-Prerender-Token", config.getToken());
}
return builder.build();
}
}
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